Received Open Forums

The purpose is to examine cybersecurity of data information exchange between cars following a V2V scenario.

ICANN would be delighted to host an Open Forum with a theme closely connected to the Security, Safety, Stability and Resilience of the Internet and thus linked with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 16.

While this Session will allow a significant opportunity for delegates to pose any questions to the ICANN CEO and President, as well as the Chair of the ICANN Board, the main focus will be on the overall Internet environment and the threats that have emerged recently for the stability and security of the Internet.

It will also address the recent initiative by ICANN to track legislation and regulation that could harm the fostering of an open, secure and single Internet; and thus allow opportunities to prevent unintended consequencies

In 2018, the world reached an important milestone – more than 50% of its population had access to the Internet. Open and interoperable internet has provided a platform for enormous economic development and political progress globally. Non-discriminatory access to and accessibility of the Internet are crucial for enabling and promoting the right to freedom of expression, assembly and association. It is critical that the stability of this platform is maintained by managing the increasing challenges. For many states, open, free and accessible cyberspace is part of their democratic identity; for some, Internet governance may seem to be yet another tool for executing state control.

This Open Forum aims to provide a comprehensive picture and update on the state of cybersecurity in 32 countries Latin America and Caribbean countries. In 2018, the Cybersecurity Program of the Organization of American States, in partnership with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), deployed the Cybersecurity Capacity Maturity Model for Nations (CMM) and collected data to assess countries’ maturity level regarding (1) cybersecurity policy and strategy, (2) culture and society, (3) education, (4) legal and regulatory frameworks, as well as (5) standards and technologies. This is the second edition of this one-of-a-kind study of the Americas, built based on a multi-stakeholder consultation, carefully balancing the need for security to enable social economic growth and sustainability, while respecting the right to free expression and the right to privacy.

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on human rights and the viability of our democratic processes has become starkly visible during the Cambridge Analytica scandal and is increasingly debated since. Countries committed to protecting human rights must ensure that those who benefit from developing and deploying digital technologies and AI are effectively held responsible for their risks and consequences. Effective and legitimate mechanisms are needed that will operate to prevent and forestall violations of human rights and to promote an enabling socio-economic- environment in which human rights and the rule of law are anchored. Only legitimate mechanisms ensure that we can properly, sustainably and collectively reap the many benefits of AI. This open forum addresses the following questions: Who bears responsibility for the adverse consequences of advanced digital technologies, such as AI? How can we address the ‘control problem’ that flows from the capacity of AI-driven systems to operate more or less autonomously from their creators? What consequences stem from the fact that most data processing infrastructures are in private hands? What are the effects of the increasing dependence of public services on few, very large private actors? The open forum will discuss the respective obligations of states and responsibilities for private actors regarding the protection and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the context of AI and machine learning systems. It will also explore a range of different ‘responsibility models’ that could be adopted to govern the allocation of responsibility for different kinds of adverse impacts arising from the operation of AI systems. As background resources, the debate will build on the Council of Europe study of the implications of advanced digital technologies (including AI systems) for the concept of responsibility within a human rights framework and on the draft Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the human rights impacts of algorithmic systems, available at: https://www.coe.int/en/web/freedom-expression/msi-aut

Collaborative multistakeholder model at national, regional and global level in creating Cybersecurity strategies provide the framework to support an all encompassing approach to protect the Cyberspace infrastructure, its content, users and create cyber resilience. It states national priorities and goals, assigns roles and responsibilities and resources. A particularly important issue stems from the increased tying of ICT with critical infrastructure sectors and systems such as energy, transport, finance, healthcare, telecommunications, food and water supply. Many new areas are added to the list as “essential services”, some of the “e-“type (like e-health, e-commerce, etc). With robust cybersecurity frameworks in place, countries can better leverage the opportunities offered by ICT for socio economic development. We recognise however that implementation and budget allocation for cybersecurity activities presents a significant challenge for states. This proposed forum will therefore address how countries can build national cybersecurity systems with a multi-stakeholder cooperation and engagement framework beyond borders.

It is proposed to invite government officials, representatives of international organizations and enterprises, scholars to discuss issues on personal information protection, to call on the whole world joining hands to focus on to protect the legal right and interest of everyone. In this forum, we will fully exchange international experience, discuss practical solutions, strengthen international cooperation and jointly maintain cyberspace security. At the same time, we will introduce China’s achievements on personal information protection, expound our ideas on personal information protection, put forward China’s plans and contribute Chinese wisdom for personal information protection. (1) Provide in-depth exchanges on experiences and practices of personal information protection. (2) Discuss measures of personal information protection such as policies, laws and regulations, as well as technologies, and promote international cooperation and governance. (3) Initiate a proposal for personal information protection to further promote the construction of a trustful and sound network environment. (4) Promote and improve the legislation of personal information protection, raise the awareness of internet users, governments, enterprises and all the other stakeholders on personal information protection.

The Open Forum will introduce the concept of Algorithmic Impact Assessments (AIAs) and engage participants, via concrete cases of use of AI by public institutions, in “designing” such Assessments in terms of procedures, criteria to be used and impact indicators. The underlying assumption for the Open Forum session is that Algorithmic Impact Assessments should be compulsory prior to implementing AI-driven technological solutions by the public administrations. Their introduction will increase algorithmic transparency because every affected party will be engaged from the very beginning in the process of their creation. The parties (in particular users/citizens) would know what the government wants to achieve, how it will measure the results, what groups will be impacted, what risks can occur and by which means they can be prevented. The AIAs, if done in a responsible way, should also provide the ground for refusing the implementation of algorithms, when risks are likely to be higher than benefits. Policy questions: how should Algorithmic Impact Assessments look? Which institutions should be entrusted to verify them? What questions should be asked before creating and using algorithmic systems, and how to measure the impact? How to ensure stakeholder involvement in the process?

This open forum under the third programme theme of IGF 2019 with the focus on Security, Safety, Stability and Resilience will analyze the links between trust, norms and freedom in cyberspace. Occurring only a few days before the first meeting of the next UN GGE, the panel will create a platform for exchange of thoughts on the existing norms of responsible state behavior in cyberspace. The panel will focus on the ongoing discussions regarding the norms of cyber security (and internet governance) while keeping in mind the aim of preserving open, free and accessible cyberspace. The key points of the discussion will emerge from the notion that there is a need to discuss further the implementation of norms of responsible state behavior in cyberspace. Protection of human rights and basic freedoms in cyberspace is the underlying principle of the internationally recognised cyber norms. The GGE, among others, has confirmed that states must comply with their obligations under international law to respect and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms.

In a context of increased demands from companies for authoritative guidance on the application of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in the tech sector, UN Human Rights has launched last June at RightsCon in Tunis a project on tech and human rights. The project seeks to address the growing urgency from companies, civil society and policy makers to find principled and pragmatic ways to address the socio-political harms that might, or do, occur during the application of digital technologies, including AI, by the private and public sectors. These issues are increasingly seen through the lens of human rights risks, not just ethical dilemmas. The lens has widened to bring into view issues of governance, public policy, and corporate responsibility and accountability. This makes the UNGPs a useful framework to prevent, address and remedy the vast array of actual or potential harm related to digital technologies. Through convening an inclusive process of consultations and research involving key actors (public and private), the project will ultimately provide a roadmap to the application of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) to the development and use of digital technologies, comprising policy guidance and public policy recommendation to realize a rights-based approach to the application and governance of digital technologies. Roughly six months after the launch of the project, the Open Forum session will provide an update on the process and an opportunity to reflect, discuss and invite feedback from the participants on some of its very early and preliminary assessments. In particular, the session will gather a number of selected expert speakers involved in the project to discuss: - some of the most salient human rights issues that have been identified so far and which are related to the development and application of some AI selected digital technologies - how the UNGPs offers a framework for identifying, mitigating, and remedying the human rights risks posed by these technologies.

The Freedom Online Coalition (FOC) is an intergovernmental coalition of 30 countries committed to advancing Internet freedom – free expression, association, assembly, and privacy online – worldwide. This Open Forum will provide IGF participants with the opportunity to learn more about the FOC's activities under Ghana's Chairmanship of the Coalition, the implementation of FOC activities under the Program of Action for 2019-2020, including the upcoming FO Conference in Accra. This session will include a discussion on the FOC's Joint Statement on Digital Inclusion, and its recommendations to stakeholders. In this session IGF participants will be encouraged to engage directly with the panellists of FOC and FOC Advisory Network Members, to discuss the FOC's priorities and activities relating to digital inclusion, and bridging the digital divide. Participants in the session will be invited to pose questions and comments and participate in a lively discussion on promoting and protecting human rights in the face of ongoing and emerging threats to freedom online.

----------- Internet Governance with and for the Citizens: Setting the Agenda for IGF2020 ----------- Humanity deserves and asks for better governance. Both citizens and decision makers are ready to experiment with new approaches. Decisions taken on behalf of 7+ billion human beings require to augment the traditional expertise with the vision and experience of ordinary citizens that will enrich, legitimize and strengthen the decisions. New forms of political non-partisan dialogue between citizens, decision makers and experts are one of the most promising solutions to improve governance towards a more inclusive, more trustful and less divided society, at all levels, from local to global. By relying on such processes, decisions become more in tune with the complexity of our age, more legitimate and more sustainable. Decision makers gain in legitimacy, insights and transparency. Citizens enter the realm of complexity of decision making and get the feeling of being respected and considered by the political sphere. Both are strengthened by this unique interaction. ------------------------------------------ Bringing Citizens into Internet Governance ------------------------------------------ The Global Citizens’ Debate on the Future of Internet (https://www.wetheinternet.org) aims at opening a dialogue between the Internet Governance community and ordinary citizens of the world. On September 27th and 28th, thousands of citizens selected to represent the diversity of their country will gather, inform themselves and discuss core questions related to the future of internet and articulate their wishes, concerns, arguments and opinions. This full scale debate will build upon a series of preliminary conversations organized in 12 countries on 4 continents in December 2018 that have raised topics that are of high concern to both citizens and decision makers. ---------------------- Goal of the Open Forum ---------------------- The Open forum aims at: 1. Presenting the results of the preliminary conversations and full scale debate to the Internet Governance Community in order to transform them into actionable actions and discussions for the multi-stakeholder process. 2. Reflecting the method in order to improve it and to understand how to best integrate it in the Multi-stakeholder process in the coming years. Format of Open Forum ---------------------- Program ---------------------- The Forum will be shaped as a participatory event: participants will sit at tables and discuss the results of the debate in order to transform them into actionable learnings and actions for them. 1. Opening (15’) Short presentation of project and process (Missions Publiques). Feedback from core partners of the Advisory Board and national partners of the project (2M and 2F, 2 developed country / 2 global South) and from participants to the debate (ordinary citizens representing diverse countries). 2. Discussion / Break-out groups (45’) Participants are randomly split into groups of 5 (maximum diversity). In each group, a facilitator and a note taker guide the discussion. They discuss the following questions (not exclusive): How do these results inspire me for my strategy, my advocacy, my position? What do they mean for us as a community? What are most meaningful results in relation with the IGF agenda?” Which discussions do they impulse, which actions? 3. Presentation of results of the groups and conclusion (30’) Participants gather in plenary, note takers present the key results of their group. Online participation will be organized as a mirror of the f2f participation: 1. E-Opening (15’) The remote participants will be in a listening position and will be in the virtual room. Two of the feedback in the beginning will be delivered by remote participants: One organizer and one participant. 2. E-Discussion / E-Break-out groups (45’) Online participants will be invited to join virtual rooms (links will be provided at the beginning of the session - participants will be dispatched in function of the first letter of their country of origin). In each group, a facilitator and a note taker will guide the discussion. The virtual group will discuss the same two questions as the f2f groups. 3. E-Presentation of results of the groups and conclusion (30’) Online participants will join back the plenary, remote note takers will present the key results of their group.

IFRC is leading a digital transformation project for our organization. We'll share insights, needs and examples of digital success, digital divide and risks on our journey. We are asking ourselves:
What would a digitally transformed National Society look like? What does a digitally transformed IFRC network look like? Are we ‘fit for future’?

Some of our research:

New technologies are transforming the world and how people live and work. Data analytics, robotics, and artificial intelligence are just a few examples of transformative technology that can positively impact Red Cross and Red Crescent capacity to address humanitarian and development need. However, there are risks with emerging technologies, that the benefits will not be felt by all, and the digital divide can create further inequality for those left behind. Digital literacy and data readiness are intrinsically linked. Without the infrastructure and skills to harness technology for humanitarian action, we are unable to fully realize the opportunities that digital and data resources/skills bring for leadership, impact, and evidence.” (Strategy 2030 White Paper)

“We are leaving people behind by not being equitable in the application of technology and the potential opportunities this brings. This growing gap highlights a power dynamic that the innovations and the programs we deliver might not 1. Meet the needs 2. Include the local communities fully in the process. 3. Protect the most vulnerable from cyber risks. The IFRC commits to continue to invest in its own, and its members’, capacity to gather and analyse relevant data designed to determine whom is most in need and to detect anyone who might be left behind.” (World Disasters Report, November 2018)

This year marks the 30th anniversary of the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). As the global community reflects on progress made, one change to the world of 1989 will significantly impact the next 30 years for children’s rights: artificial intelligence (AI). Progress in AI systems, unprecedented amounts of data to train algorithms, and increased computing power are expected to profoundly impact life and work in the 21st century, raising both hopes and concerns for human development. A number of governments, businesses, civil society organizations and researchers are rightly concerned about the future of AI for societies. They recognize the current window of opportunity to lay down ethical and policy safeguards, and to practically develop the software, algorithms and data standards needed to maximize the benefits while limiting the risks of an AI future. Yet, in our initial findings, the impact of AI on children is largely missing from these concerns and efforts. It appears that for governments, the private sector and civil society, there is a policy vacuum for considered and practical guidance on AI and children (see https://medium.com/politics-ai/an-overview-of-national-ai-strategies-2a7...). A key program for UNICEF will be the development of a policy guidance for governments, businesses, the non-profit sector and the Organization itself, which, if applied, will create environments that support the safe and beneficial use of AI systems for children’s development. UNICEF will lead the creation of the guidance in partnership with a range of external stakeholders, including the Berkman Klein Centre, the IEEE, and interested governments. Beyond creating guidelines, a key challenge is how to translate them into practice. Implementing guidelines poses difficult decisions, such as finding the balance between the right to privacy and the benefits of big data-fueled interventions that can protect children. The guidance will thus be piloted with policy makers in select countries for validation and learnings as broad principles are adapted to different country contexts. Such implementation will create case studies for other countries to learn from, as well as provide feedback that can inform subsequent versions of the guidance. Please see the attached concept note for more information on the overall project. As the IGF will take place during the project, the proposed Open Forum policy question is: What policy frameworks are needed to ensure that AI enables the realization of child rights and respects the key principles enshrined in the CRC? Between now and the IGF in November, UNICEF will co-host a AI and child rights workshop with the World Economic Forum in San Francisco in May, host a workshop in New York in June, and collaboratively develop the draft guidelines with governments. In the Open Forum UNICEF, along with the Berkman Klein Center, will present the workshop outcomes and draft guidelines – as a work in progress – and seek further input and collaboration with the audience. The session seeks diverse inputs and will also convene some of the few governments working on AI guidelines or principles that have a specific focus on youth. This critically important work will be strengthened by thematic and regional variations in the session, and contribute to putting child rights on the AI policy agenda. The work is directly linked to the Data Governance theme of the IGF, sharing emerging approaches to ensure the development of child-centric data governance frameworks at national, regional and international levels.

The unstoppable development of internet and easy access to social media today is shadowed by the spread of fake news. This emerging phenomenon has become such a worry for government around the world. Looking at trust in the media, it is important to recognize that not all countries place the same level of their awareness of misinformation and disinformation. Tackling the spread of online fake news is not an easy task for government. Increasingly, policymakers around the world are searching new ways to deal with this problem. Instead, policymakers around the world should look forward initiatives and mechanisms that would encourage the formulation of regulation to deal with harmful forms of content.

At the global level, one-time MIT researchers reviewed a Twitter data set from 2006 to 2017, and analysed about 126 thousand rumours spread by around 3 million users. Then the fact is that the correct dissemination of the story (including clarification news) takes 6 times longer than the hoax to reach the level of exposure with the same number of people. Not only that, false news turns out that 70 percent is more retweeted than the actual story version

Indonesian government hold weekly ‘fake news’ briefings which aims to, at least, minimize the spread of disinformation in the social media. It also designed encourage Indonesians to think more critically about the news they consume. In addition, MCIT have designed a website called ‘stophoax.id’ that can accessible for public to cross-check the news and post the fake information that have been analyzed by the ministry’s team. Moreover, the National Police, particularly through its cyber crime directorate, have a procedure to be followed for fake news prevention called ‘preventive measures’, that is boosting digital literacy and diction so that the people can be wiser, smarter and more polite in using social media. According to forecast, the number of internet users in Indonesia is projected to grow to 150 million in 2023 (107 million by now). In 2014, it was estimated that around 87 percent of households in Indonesia had a mobile phone. Smartphone ownership in Indonesia has risen from 32.6 to 43.2 percent between 2014 and 2017. The number of smartphone users in Indonesia could reach as high as 96.2 million by the year 2021. But digital literacy has not followed.

In January 2019, Ministry of Communication and Informatics of Indonesia stated there were 175 hoaxes, and increasing to 353 news in February. The fact was so apprehensive considering Indonesia as the fourth most populous country on earth, and poses a large and fast-growing market for mobile technologies.

Some strategic steps could be implemented by governments such as: deeper systematic issues on how social media algorithms incentivize the spread of false or other forms of negative content; implement positive intervention include verifying the identity of people and organizations; regulation for social media and online news platform companies to create a public archive of all advertisements bought and sold to hold certain groups accountable for any dark advertisement.

Internet Society (ISOC) Open Forum is dedicated to IGF participants that shares the common goal of advocating for an open, globally-connected, trustworthy and secure Internet for everyone, and to our own ISOC community comprised of chapters, organizational and individual members. Based on our Global Internet Report 2017: Paths to Our Digital Future, the ways in which the Internet Economy could evolve in the future could have significant implications for the other Drivers, such as Cyber Threats, Role of Governments, and Networks, Standards and Interoperability. During 2018, the Internet Society worked raising several questions linked to an increasingly consolidated Internet economy, including understanding the potential benefits and challenges of consolidation – to its users as well as to the Internet’s fundamental technical properties. The Global Internet Report 2019 on Consolidation in the Internet economy outlined the benefits and the threats and what features from the current trends of consolidation are considered important as we look towards the future, it has prompted questions that have made it clear that consolidation is a topic that will require further work, this work should be done in collaboration with the broader Internet community. The Open Forum will bring an opportunity to promote an interactive and collaborative session to tackle a key question: How consolidation of the Internet Economy will impact the Internet’s technical evolution and use in the future? Agenda (60 min): Part 1 - Initial remarks and setting the scene (20min) Onsite Moderator: • Future of the Internet: what actions we need to take now to shape our digital future (10 min) o Andrew Sullivan, CEO (GIR 2019 + ISOC 2019 priorities) • Overview of consolidation as it manifests in different layers of the Internet (10 min) o Carl Gahnberg and/or Constance Bommelaer Part 2 - Open Discussion (30 min): Questions about Consolidation will be raised to be answered in breakout groups (3), each with at least one facilitator and one rappourteur. (10 min) Conclusions: Each rapporteur will read a short summary from the groups discussions

The main idea of the present proposal for an Open Forum is to share with the IGF multistakeholder community the concept and the outcomes of the Youth IGF Movement meetings that took place around the world. The format of the Open Forum is intended to be a debate between the Youth IGF Movement leaders and experts of the Information Society, namely the members of the EU Delegation to the IGF, as well as the representatives of the Asia-Pacific community, African countries and Latin America. We would like also to invite the leaders of the private sector for discussion with these young leaders. The Open Forum welcomes the representatives of other youth initiatives to enagage in an inclusive dialogue with the experts of the IGF community. The discussion between the experts and the young representatives will be focused on the main outcomes of the meetings organised by the young at national and regional levels. A number of pilot projects that have been created by the youth as a result of national and regional YIGF meetings will be presented. One of the focus points will also be to see how the recommendations which emerged from the Open Forum in 2018 have been taken into consideration at national and regional levels and what are the achievements. The Open Forum will also focus on the role of the youth on raising awareness on Internet safety.

This session will be a 60 minute discussion on approaches to tackling disinformation, drawing on the UK’s experience developing a new framework for tackling online harms. 

This session will consist of short presentations from each of the four speakers, each focusing on a different policy angle. The discussion will then be opened to the floor. The session will focus on the following areas, with suggested questions for panellists below:

1. Addressing vulnerabilities in the online environment: public pressures, technological solutions and industry’s role.

• How can technology be used to tackle disinformation? 
• What role should service providers play in tackling disinformation on their platforms?
• How can Internet platforms and media outlets work together to fight disinformation? 

2. Developing regulatory approaches to tackling disinformation while upholding freedom of expression.

• What is the role for regulation in tackling disinformation?
• How can regulatory regimes ensure freedom of expression is protected? 

3. Audiences: Impact, public perspectives on the problem, and the role of education.

• How can audiences’ resilience to disinformation be increased?
• Who are the vulnerable audiences?
• Are audiences informed about disinformation? How do the public perceive the problem? 
• How can the impact of disinformation on audiences be measured?

4. Emerging challenges, deepfakes and VR technology: an international approach

• What are the key emerging challenges in this area? 
• How should we collectively responding to emerging technological challenges, and those that do not yet exist?
• How can we respond to wider forms of online manipulation?